a^2-b^2-c^2+2bc
=a^2-(b^2+c^2-2bc)
=a^2-(b-c)^2
=(a+b-c)(a-b+c)
x^2+4y-1-4y^2
=x^2-4y^2+4y-1
=x^2-(4y^2-4y+1)
=x^2-(2y-1)^2
=(x+2y-1)(x-2y+1)
4-a^2+4ab-4b^2
=4-(a^2-4ab+4b^2)
=4-(a-2b)^2
=(2+a-2b)(2-a+2b)
x^2+8xy+16y^2+3x+12y+2
=(x+4y)^2+3(x+4y)^2+2
=(x+4y+1)(x+4y+2)