The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。The functions of your skin are also very complex:皮肤的功能十分复杂。it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water;皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。 Causes of burns烧伤的原因： You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火）、阳光、电和化学物品。 Types of burns烧伤的种类： There are three types of burns.烧伤有三类。Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, 16/20 depending on which layers of the skin are burned.根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。 ◎ First degree burns: These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment. ·一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。 ◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids. ·二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。 ◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once. ·三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。 Characteristics of burns烧伤的特性： First degree burns一度烧伤： ◎ dry, red and mildly swollen干燥、发红、微肿 ◎ mildly painful微痛 ◎ turn white when pressed受压时变白 Second degree burns二度烧伤 ◎ rough, red and swollen粗糙、发红、肿胀 ◎ blisters起水泡 ◎ watery surface表层渗液 ◎ extremely painful极其疼痛 Third degree burns三度烧伤： ◎ black and white and charred黑、白和焦炭色相间 17/20 ◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen肿胀，可看到皮下组织 ◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area