一般将来时也译为单纯将来时.
例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
(如明天下雨我就不来.)
例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去.)
解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall/will”.关于“shall/will”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致.更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall/will”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中规中矩了.
①说或写都尽量使用“I'll,You'll,He'll ,She'll ,It'll,We'll ,They'll …”的简缩形(如用法例2、3).
②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来.)
例A:I won't see him again.
(我不愿意再和他见面.)
例B:Who will go and help that poor old man?
(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)
Mary will .(玛莉愿意.)
③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”.
例A:You shall not do that again.
(你不可以再做那样的事.)
例B:He shall return that book tomorrow.
(明天他必须把那本书归还.)
④第一人称问句使用“shall”.
例A:Shall I call you a taxi
(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)
例B:Shall we tell her the truth
(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)
⑤问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ”;问句用“Will ”,答句就用“will ”.
例A:Shall you go to school tomorrow
(你明天须要上学去吗?)
Yes,I shall .We'll have an exam .
(是的,我必须去.我们明天有考试.)
例B:Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)
No,I won't .I'm going on a picnic.
(我不要.我已定好要去郊游.)
注:Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…,shall we ”.
Let's have a rest,shall we?
(我们休息一下,怎样?)
一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达.
1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……)
例A:It is going to rain.Take an umbrella with you.
(带一把伞去.看样子就要下雨了.)
例B:The Browns are going to move to Australia.
(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去.)
2.be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作.)
例:Let's wait a minute.He is about to arrive.
(我们等一下.他即将会到达.)
3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作.)
例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去.)
4.be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作.)
例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m.tomorrow.
(她定于明晨九时到达这里.)
5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观.)
例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去.——与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定,(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定.)
常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow,tomorrow morning (afternoon,evening),next + 时间 (next night,next Monday …,next week,month…,next summer…,next year),in (the) future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 (in five days——再过五天,in two weeks——再过二星期),etc.