化学选修五知识点
3个回答
①卤代烃
R-X + NaOH =(H2O)= R-OH + H2O R-CHX-R + NaOH =(醇)= R=CH-R + NaX R-X+R-OH==R-R+HX R-CH=CH-R + X2 == R-CHX-CHX-R R-CH=CH-R + H2O==R-CHOH-CHOH-R
②醇
R-OH + HX == R-X + H2O 2R-CH2OH + O2 == 2R-CHO + 2H2O R-OH + R-COOH == R-COOR +H2O 2R-OH =(浓硫酸)= ROR + H2O R-CHOH-CH2-R =(浓硫酸)= R-CH=CH-R
③酚(Ф为苯环)
2Ф-OH + Na == 2Ф-ONa + H2↑ Ф-OH + Na2CO3 == Ф-ONa + NaHCO3 R-COO-Ф + 2NaOH == Ф-ONa + R-COONa + H2O Ф-OH + 3H2 == C6H11-OH（环己醇）Ф-OH + 3Br2== 2,4,6-三溴苯酚↓ + 3HBr
④醛 OH
┃
R-CHO + H2 == R-CH2OH nHCHO + nФ-OH == -[-CH2-Ф-]n- + nH2O R-CHO +2Ag(NH3)2OH == R-COONH4 + 3NH3↑ + 2Ag↓ + H2O R-CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH == R-COONa + Cu2O↓ + 3H2O 2R-CHO + O2 == 2R-COOH
⑤酮
R-CO-R + H2 == R-CHOH-R 2R-CHOH-R + O2 == 2R-CO-R +2H2O
⑥酸
R-OH + R-COOH == R-COOR +H2O
多元酸与多元醇、多元胺之间的缩聚反应
