这个句子是从句中套有一个从句.
He discovered 是主句,that引导一个宾语从句a lot of the patients were happier and caused less
troubleif pleasant music was played to them.
而在这个从句中有一个if引导的条件壮语从句 if pleasant music was played to them
a lot of the patients were happier and caused less trouble 这个是这个从句中的主句,由and连接,
a lot of the patients were happier 和 a lot of the patients caused less trouble.
意思:他发现如果给病人播放欢快的音乐,他们会更加开心并制造更少的麻烦.