RATIO比例 FORMULA公式 USE用途
a) Liquidity ratios measure the firm’s ability to meet its maturing obligations and unexpected cash needs over the short term流动比率衡量一个公司短期内的偿债能力和意外现金需求.
1. Current ratio流动比率 Current assets流动资产
Current liabilities流动负债
Measures short-term debt-paying capacity
2. Quick ratio速动比率 (acid test资产流动性测试) Current assets流动资产- inventory库存
Current liabilities流动负债
Measures immediate short-term liquidity衡量瞬时短期流动性
3. Cash ratio现金比率 Cash现金
Current liabilities流动负债
Measures liquidity on a very short-term basis衡量极短时期内的流动性
4. Net working capital净流动资金 to比 total assets总资产 Net working capital净流动资金
Total assets
Indicates relatively low levels of liquidity表示较低水平的流动性
5. Interval measure区间测量 Current assets流动资产
Average daily operating costs日均营运成本
Gives number of days on which you can still do business给出剩下的营运天数
b) Debt ratios负债比率 measure the firm’s ability to meet principal and interest payments over the long term.衡量公司长期内偿付本金和利息的能力
1. Debt ratio负债比率 Long-term debt长期负债
Total long term capital Measures the proportion of capital supplied by creditors总长期资本衡量贷方提供的资金比例
2. Leverage ratio杠杆比率 Total assets总资产
Total equity总权益 Measures how many dollars of assets the firm utilizes for each dollar of contributed equity衡量公司每一美元股权用了多少资产
3. Times interest earned ratio盈利对利息倍数比率 EBIT除税及利息前盈利
Interest (dollars)利息（美元） Measures the ability to make interest payments. 衡量利息偿付能力
4. Debt-equity ratio债资比率 Total debt总负债
Total equity总权益 Measures the amount of money you owe per dollar of equity owned by the shareholder. Low numbers are better. High numbers may be inevitable in some industries like airlines and utilities. 衡量每欠一美元股东股权的数额.数字越低越好.在航空和公用事业等行业中,该数字不可避免地偏高.
5. Cash coverage ratio现金流偿债能力比率EBIT除税及利息前盈利 + Depreciation贬值
Interest利息 Ability to generate cash from operations (measures cash flow available to meet financial obligations)运营产生现金的能力（衡量可供偿还财务负债的现金流）
纯手工翻译
