(1)依题意知随机抽取一件该药品为合格的概率为
2
3 ,
不合格的概率为
1
3 ,
则记5件药用胶囊恰有2件不能销售的概率为事件A,则P(A)=
C 25 (
1
3 ) 2 (
2
3 ) 3 =
80
243 .
(2)记该药用胶囊的3个批次分别进行两轮检测为合格记为事件A 1,A 2,A 3,
P(A 1)=
3
5 ×
2
3 =
2
5 ,
P(A 2)=
5
6 ×
4
5 =
2
3 ,
P(A 3)=
1
2 ×
2
3 =
1
3 ,
该药用胶囊能检测进行销售的批次为X的可能取值为0,1,2,3,
P(X=0)=P(
.
A 1
.
A 2
.
A 3 )=(1-
2
5 )(1-
2
3 )(1-
1
3 )=
2
15 ,
P(X=1)=P( A 1
.
A 2
.
A 3 )=
2
5 ×
2
3 ×(1-
1
3 ) +(1-
2
5 )×
2
3 ×(1-
1
3 ) +(1-
2
5 )(1-
2
3 )×
1
3 =
19
45 ,
P(X=2)=P( A 1
.
A 2
.
A 2 +
.
A 1 A 1
.
A 3 + A 1
.
A 2 A 3 )
=
2
5 ×
2
3 ×(1-
1
3 ) + (1-
2
5 )×
2
3 ×
1
3 +
2
5 ×(1-
2
3 )×
1
3 =
16
45 ,
P(X=3)=P(A 1A 2A 3)=
2
5 ×
2
3 ×
1
3 =
4
45 ,
则随机变量X的分布列为
X 0 1 2 3
P
2
15
19
45
16
45
4
45 ∴EX= 0×
2
15 +1×
19
45 +2×
16
45 +3×
4
45 =
7
5 .