[第一个问题]
是这样来的:
一、主动语态时:
--- We hold that these boys should be responsible for their actions.“hold”在这里是“认为”的意思.又如:
--- She holds that modern youth shoudn't shut themselves away from the outside world.她认为现代的年轻人不应该与外面的世界脱节.
语法分析先从主动语态出发,有:
主语 -- We(被动语态中被省略了,现在需要补充出来)
谓语 -- hold
宾语从句 -- (that) these boys should be responsible for their actions.
变成被动语态后,原来的宾语“boys”成了主语,而主要动词(即:主句里的谓语动词)仍然是“hold”并且一起前移了,结果是:The three boys should be held responsible for their actions.
这时的语法结构是:
主语 -- these boys
谓语 -- should be held
主语补足语(等价于表语)-- responsible for their actions
[第二个问题]
I wanted to leave as far away as possible from the battle that's going on behind us.
1)that was 不可以缩合成“that's”;
2)原来的句子可能有错误,最好说“that was”.但是比较勉强的理解可以是:(当时)我想离那战斗越远越好,那战斗此刻还在我们身后进行着.