英语中极物动词与不极物动词的区别?

1个回答

从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类.1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议.“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr.Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样.Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质.2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如：Birds fly.鸟会飞.It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月.My watch stopped.我的表停了.She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言.3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week.他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如：Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?4) 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况：a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务.Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务