宾语从句简单介绍

引导词x09引导词的作用x09例句

thatx09单词本身无意义,只起引导作用,也可省略x09He said (that) Kate was

good at swimming.

what, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词x09在从句中占有一定的成分,如：主语,宾语,表语等,不能省略x09I don’t know what they are going to do.

He asked me which book is mine.

when, where, why, how等连接副词x09在从句中做状语,不能省略x09Can you tell me where you are from?

Do you know how they found the place?

if, whetherx09意为“是否”,不做句子成分,但不能省略x09He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.

二. 主语与从句时态一致的问题

1. 如果主句是现在某种时态（包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时）,那么宾从的时态可根据实际情况而定.

e.g. I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.

2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时,过去进行时）,那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时）.

e.g. He told me that he would take part in the high jump.

3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或者真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时.

e.g. He told me that the earth is round.

三. 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句是疑问句时,要用陈述句语序.

e.g. What’s Kate’s e-mail address? Do you know?

Do you know what’s Kate’s e-mail address is?

四. 宾语从句的连接词

1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时,用that引导

e.g. “She is a good girl,” the teacher told us.

= The teacher told us( that ) she was a good girl.

温馨提示：引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略

（1）当宾语从句的主语是that时

e.g. He says that that is a useful book.

（2）当宾语从句中含有主从复合句

e.g. I am afraid that if you have lost it, you must pay for it.

（3）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不可以省略.

e.g. He said ( that ) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.

2. 含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接,句尾的 标点符号取决于主句.

e.g. （1）Are you from Japan? He asked me.

He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.

（2）Do you like watching TV? He asked me.

He asked me if/whether I like watching TV.

3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就用原来的疑问词,但一定要注意用陈述句语序.

e.g. When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me?

Could you tell me when he left for Japan.

四. 宾语从句的简化

1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时,且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构.

E.g. I hope that I can receive your e-mail.

I hope to receive your e-mail.

2. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构.

E.g. She doesn’t know what she should do next.

She doesn’t know what to do next.

3. 动词seem后面的宾语从句可用不定式来简化,但句型要有适当

的变化.通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语,seem（的适当形式）作谓语.

E.g. It seems that football is very interesting.

Football seems very interesting.

4. 宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语

E.g. I don’t believe what Tom said.

I don’t believe Tom’s words.