选A.when
It has been found that boy's English grades are up to a tenth worse 【when】 there are much more girls in the class with them,but girls' grades are unaffected.
研究发现,当班上女孩人数更多的时候,男孩的英语成绩就下降10%,但女孩的成绩则不受影响.
句子想表达学生的成绩在何时或何种情况下会发生变化,所以用when.
其他的词不符合上下文.