延续性动词和短暂性动词有哪些区别
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非延续性动词也叫瞬间动词,是指这个动作在很短的时间就完成了,不会延续很长时间.如:buy,sell,一手交钱一手交货,动作很快完成.再比如:die,有口气是活,没有气了就是死,动作不会延续.常见的此类动词有:borrow/lent/buy/sell/die/come/go/leave/join.

相对来讲,延续动词就是指动词可以延续很长时间的动词.如:live,keep 等等.

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词.

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响.如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等.

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,get to,leave,move,borrow,buy等.

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用.表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years,during the past three years,since last year,how long等.如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了.

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用.如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾.如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示.上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时.如:

The train has arrived.火车到了.

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续.因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式).如:1)他死了三年了.

误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died.

正:Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他来这儿五天了.

误:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days.

正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here.

正:Five days has passed since he came here