分词不可以充当谓语.
现在分词 过去分词和动词不定式属于非谓语动词.
你所给的句子里,rising out of the kitchen ckutter 应当看做a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar的后置定语,相当于定语从句 that rose out of the kitchen clutter.
比如:Do you know the girl standing there?可变为Do you know the girl who stands there?