复合句的构成
两个或两个以上简单句(Simple Sentence)可以合成一个较长的简单句、并列句(Compound Sentence)或复杂句(Complex Sentence).通过句子的合成,我们得以更清楚地看出句子间的语义关系,而且还可以使句子多样化,增加文章的丰姿.
现在就从三方面来看看句子合成法的问题.
1.由两三个简单句合成一个长的简单句.例如：
(1) John ran away.He escaped the danger.
→ Running away,John escaped the danger.
(2) The hunter took up his gun.He shot the boar.
→ The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.
(3) The king died.The queen heard about it.She fainted.
→ On hearing about the king's death,the queen fainted.
(4) Kelvin is my good friend.He is a strong supporter of social justice.
→ Kelvin,a strong supporter of social justice,is my good friend.
(5) The rascal kicked the cat.He kicked it on the back.He kicked it intentionally.
→ The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.
2.由两三个简单句合成一个并列句.例如：
(6) John was sad.He kept quiet.
→ John was sad but he kept quiet.
(7) Take the book.Leave it there.
→ Take the book or leave it there.
(8) Sean did not come to class today.He had a bad headache.
→ Sean did not come to class today,for he had a bad headache.
(9) Bruce was lying on the bed.He looked at the ceiling.He saw a lizard.
→ Lying on the bed,Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.
3.由两三个简单句合成一个复杂句.例如：
(10) Kelvin is getting rich.We know about it.
→ We know that kelvin is getting rich.
(11) I like this book.It contains many amusing stories.
→ I like this book which contains many amusing stories.
(12) Helen is sure to get her pay.It is due to her.Why does she complain?
→ Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her
(13) The woman was exhausted.She had not slept well the previous night.
→ The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.
上面例子显示,简单句由“主语+谓语”(Subject + Predicate) 构成,有时还附有修饰性的短语.并列句由至少两个地位平等的并列分句透过并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunction)如”and,or,but,so,for”等连成.复杂句包括一个主句 (Main Clause)及至少一个从句 (Subordinate Clause),通过从属连词(Subordinating Conjunction) 如”That,since,because,when,if”等合成.从属分句因功能不同而分成“名词从句”(Noun Clause),“副词从句”(Adverb Clause) 和“形容词从句”(Adjective Clause).
上述诸句式中,复杂句最为多采多姿,不妨多用.为了避免句子太长,难以控制,一个复杂句最好不要超过三个从句
