(1)
a^x +a^(-x)
= [a^(x/2)]^2 + 2a^(x/2)a^(-x/2) +[a^(-x/2)^2] - 2a^(x/2)a^(-x/2)
= [a^(x/2)+a^(x/2)]^2 - 2
所以 [a^(x/2)+a^(x/2)]^2 - 2 =u
得 [a^(x/2)+a^(x/2)]^2 = u+2
从而 a^(x/2)+a^(x/2) = ±√(u+2)
(2)
a^[(3/2)x]+ a^[(3/2)x]
= [a^(x/2)]^3 + [a^(-x/2)]^3
= [a^(x/2)+a^(-x/2)]*[(a^(x/2))^2-a^(x/2)a^(-x/2)+(a^(-x/2))^2]
= ±√(u+2)*[a^x -1 +a^(-x/2)]
= ±√(u+2)*(u-1)
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