主语：在一个句子里,表达一个发出动作的人或事的词语就叫做主语,也叫做主词.主语所占的位置叫做主格.
例：(I) like the dog. (The flower) smells great.
谓语：在一个句子里,表达一个主语发出的动作的词语就叫做谓语.注意,be动词（am, is, are, was, were, be, been)一般在谓语的位置,但他不叫谓语,叫系动词.他的后面跟的词,都是表达主语的.
例：She (hates) the smell. The dog (caught) the toy.
宾语：在一个句子里,表达一个接受动作的人或事的词语就叫做宾语.濒于所占的位置叫做宾格.宾语所接受的不一定是谓语动词.
例：He doen't like (me). The young boy broke (the bowl).
冠词：每个一般名词（也就是不是特殊名词和代名词的名词）的前面都要有冠词.冠词只有三个：a, an, the. a和an的用法是一样,只是名次的第一个字母是元音的前面要加an,名次的第一个字母是辅音的前面要加a.
例：(The) girl is so mean. (An) apple fell down.
(A) toy sits on the table.
副词：副词是一种用来修饰动词和形容词,以及其他副词的词语.
例：He finished his work (beautifully).
She is wearing a (very) pretty dress.
The young man finished his homework (so) (quickly).
状语：在一个句子内,一个用来修饰一个动词的单词、词组、和子句所占的位置,就叫状语
例：I open the door (with the key).短语
I (quickly) finished my lunch.单词
(As I put it down), her dog came to catch the ball.子句
介词：用来连接词或词组的单词,叫做介词.像方位介词,比较介词.注意,介词和连接词不一样,连接词是用来连接两个相关联的句子的.
例：I went to the library (with) my mother.
My doggy is (in) the box.
You are more handsome (than) him.
定语：在一个句子中,一个用来修饰名词的单词或子句的词语所占的位置,就叫做定语.
例：It is a (big) book.
That is a (pretty) dull.
He is the one (who want to do the best).
表语：当be动词做一个句子的谓语的时候,这个句子的格式就变成了“主系表”.其中,“主”是指主语；“系”是指系动词,也就是be动词；“表”就是指表语.占表语位置的词,短语,或子句,是用来修饰（也就是表现）主语的.
例：It is (cool). That is (a book). I am (from China).
That is (where I live).
我没有听说过惯语,你是不是指冠语,也就是冠词啊?
注：以上所有括号内的词语都是定义所指的词.
