形容词、副词比较级、最高级

比较级、最高级的构成规则：

1． 一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est.

small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

2． 以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；

large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

3． 在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4． 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5． 其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；

beautiful→morebeautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.

6． 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.

good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most

little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

形容词原级比较：

1.as+adj/ adv.的原级+ as (肯,否) ,(not)so…as (否)

eg.The ruler is as long as that one.

He sings as well as Jack.He doesn’t sing as(so) well as Jack.

2.as much as,as many as 与…一样多

eg.I have done as much work as he did yesterday.You can take as many books as you can.

比较级用法：

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”.

如：This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高.

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom?谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4.“the +比较级……,the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.

The more money you make,the more you spend.

5.当比较级后没有than,而为of the two的结构,比较级前加the.

eg.The taller of the two girls is Mary.

6.表示倍数的比较级用法

①.A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.

如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②.A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.

如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③.A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.

如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍.

表示倍数的三个结构

1 ）be + 倍数 + as …as

2 ）be + 倍数 + 比较级 +than

3 ）be + 倍数 + the +名词（尺寸,长度）+of

The house is three times as big as that one .

The house is three times bigger than that one .

The pencil is twice the length of that one

可修饰比较级的词：

a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even等.以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.

形容词最高级的用法：

1.形容词最高级用于in,of 或among的结构中,形容词最高级前+the

eg I am the best of (among)the three.

He is the thinnest boy in my class.

2.副词最高级不需+the eg.Jim goes to bed latest in my family.)

3.比较级和最高级互换(比较时要把自己排除在外.注意比较的范围)

eg.Shanghai is the largest city in China.

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

修饰最高级的词：

最高级可被序数词或 much,far(much的跟屁虫)by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like,（rather不能修饰最高级）等词语所修饰.