我大概说一下,要具体请你多看看自己的课本和请教老师：
1.主语
主语比较的明显,一般由代词,名字,动名词,动词不定式,还有一些特殊的：
代词：人称代词
如：I,you ,we,us
疑问代词
如：when ,where,what,which
动名词：
singing is her hobby.
动词不定式
To take exercise in the morning is good to health.
特殊的：
The Greens 格林一家
the old
当然还有个形式主语：
it is hard to sovle the problem.
there're many people died in the war.
谓语都由动词,系动词,词组担当
I'm pupil
He shoot her.
He must be here.
You;re surposed to arrive at 1:30.
I agree with you .
宾语一般都有名词代词担当.
l love you .
l like it.
i apreciate it.
表语：表示主语身份,特征,情况等.一般常见的是形容词,物主代词,名词.
this is you pen.
he is a man of little word.
I'm ill.
you're right.
that' what i mean.
定语一般是形容词,或者名词,形容词性物主代词用以修饰或者限定.
May i borrow you book?
this is an apple tree.
she is a nice girl.
状语一般一词组,从句为主,还有时间,地点,伴随等
she goes there.
he leaves at 7.
don't forget to turn the light off before you leave.
I'll come to give you a hand if i can .
i must leave right now.
Do it at once.
the old man sits in the boat fishing.
还有很多的省略形式中的变化就跟多.应此位置没有十分确定的,不能以位置来判断该词在句中的成分.应结合句意和结构来判断.
