帮忙看三个空-完型填空Scientists usually work toward models of the proc
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将by which the genetic (遗传的) pattern is passed from one building block of life to another 拆开后,就成了下面:

这个句子分成因为Scientists usually work toward models of the process or structure they are studying.所以we have models of the structure of the universe and of the atom,models of the process,models of the economic system and so on..因为是因果关系,所以只能用thus.

而by which the genetic (遗传的) pattern is passed from one building block of life to another 是修饰models of the process的定语从句,之所以用by就是理解成the genetic (遗传的) pattern is passed from one building block of life to another 是靠models of the process研究成的.