关于定语从句的连接词怎么选择!还有分析了句子成分…怎么判断用哪个连接词
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英语语法之定语从句

2008-04-01 | 分享

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定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等.

关系副词有:when, where, why等.

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语)

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.

1)when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词 which"结构,因此常常和"介词 which"结构交替使用,例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词 which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.

He is unlikely

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to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示 出.)

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) .

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:

This is the house which we bought last month.

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这是我们上个月买的那幢房子.(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.(非限制性)

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句.

18.5 介词 关系词 P>

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略.

2)that前不能有介词.

3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词 关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the da