反意问句

反意问句由二部分构成 ,即陈述句 ＋ 反问句,在形式上通常遵循前肯定后否定或前否定后肯定以及反问句的主、谓须与陈述句主、谓相一致的原则.但在实际运用中,反意问句具有很大的灵活性与特殊性.许多学生遇到具体情况感到无所适从,现就此方面的一些特殊形式进行新的归纳 ,望能有所帮助.

一、谓语的变化

1. 陈述部分含 must 情态动词,反问句谓语须根据其不同的意思而确定.

1 ) must 表“一定要”,“必须”,反问句谓语用 needn't ,间或用 mustn't .

You must leave for Beijing next week , needn't you ?

He must work hard at his subjects , mustn't he ?

2 ) must 表 “ 一定是 ”“ 肯定是 ”,反问句谓语须根据其后的原形动词选用相对应的形式.

You must have told him that , haven't you ?

He must have seen the film yesterday , didn't he ?

She must be at the office , isn't she ?

They must be having a meeting now , aren't they ?

2 . 陈述部分用 had better ,反问句谓语多用 shouldn't ,间或也用hadn't .

We had better stop the discussion , shouldn't we ?

You'd better turn to your teacher for help , hadn't you ?

3 . 陈述部分谓语用 have ,反问句谓语须根据其意义确定.

1 ) 表 " 拥有 " , 反问句谓语用 have 或 do .

You have a new dictionary , haven't you ?

He has a foreign friend , doesn't he ?

陈述部分是否定形式 ,反问句谓语用 have 或 do 取决于陈述部分的谓语形式.

He hasn't a lot of time to spare , has he ?

You don't have anything to say , do you ?

2 ) have 表其他意思 , 反问句谓语多用 don't , 间或也用 haven't .

Jack has to go there on foot , doesn't we ?

3 ) 陈述部分含have to结构,反问句谓语多用 don't ,间或也用 haven't .

Jack has to go there on foot , doesn't he ?

We have to get up early , haven't we ?

当 have to 被 have got to 取代时,反问句谓语须用 have .

We have got to answer all these questions , haven't we ?

4 . 陈述部分谓语用 used to 结构,反问句谓语用 didn't 或 usedn't 或 used ＋ 主 ＋ not .

They used to live in the city , usedn't they ?

He used to get up very early , didn't he ?

You used to play football , used you not ?

5 . 陈述部分用 I am ... 结构 ,反问句谓语用 aren't 或 ain't 或 am I not .

I am your friend , am I not ?

I am have on time , aren't / ain't I ?

二、 句子结构的变化

1 . 感叹句附加反问句 ,其反问句一般使用否定式.

What fine weather , isn't it ?

How hard she works , doesn't she ?

How clever the boy is , isn't he ?

2 . 陈述部分用 I wish ... 结构 ,反问句常用 may I 形式 .

I wish I had met him , may I ?

I wish I were a birk , may I ?

3 . 祈使句附加反问句分下面几种情况 :

1 ) 肯定祈使句 ＋ will you ? 多表“ 请求 ”.

Come here early next time , will you ?

肯定祈使句 ＋ won't you ? 多表“ 提醒注意 ”.

Listen to me attentively , won't you ?

表邀请 ,请求多用 will you ,但也可根据需要选用其他形式.

Sing us a song , would you ?

Turn off the light , won't you ?

表提醒某人做某事 ,除 won't you 外 ,还可用 would you ,can you 等.

Do write down your name have , would you ?

Stop talking , can you ?

2 ) 否定祈使句 ＋ will you 或 can you ?

Don't be late again , will you ?

Don't make a noise , can you ?

但在否定祈使句后不能使用 won't you .

3 ) Let's ... + shall we 或 shan't we ?

Let's begin our class , shall we ?

Let's get down to our business , shan't we ?

而 Let us / me / him ..., 则应用 will / won't you ?

Let me have a try , will you ?

Let us have a rest , won't you ?

4 ) 陈述部分含有 few , little , seldom , havdly , never , not , no ,

no one ,nobody , nothing , none , neither 等,反问句应用肯定结构 .

He seldom comes here , does he ?

You know little French , do you ?

但当这些否定 、半否定意义的词在陈述部分作宾语时,反问句间或也用否定结构 .

He has nothing to do now , doesn't he ?

5 ) 陈述部分所含的否定词是加前缀或后缀所构成的,反问句要用否定结构 .

He is quite careless , isn't he ?

It is unfair , isn't it ?

6 ) 陈述部分用 I ( We ) think / suppose / believe / imagine ...等接that 从句 ,反问句应与从句的主 、谓语保持一致,但应注意否定的转移 .

I think he'll be back in 3 days , won't he ?

I don't believe that they have known it , have they ?

7 ) 陈述部分用 neither ... nor ... , both ... and ... , 连接二个主语,

反问句主语常用复数.

Neither you nor I am wrong , are we ?

Both Tom and Mary are new here , aren't they ?

8 ) 陈述部分用 too ... to ... , 表 “ 太 …… 以致不能 …… ”,反问句肯定形式 .

He is too excited to say a word , is he ?

They are too tired to go any farther , are they ?

9 ) 陈述部分用 so 开头 ,反问句用“ 同向 ” 反问形式 ,表惊讶,不满 ,怀疑等情绪 .

So you are getting married , are you ?

So you don't want to go with us , don't you ?

祝你开心如意!